Lining for furnaces.



Patented Nov. l2, 1918i.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

W. C. EL-Y.

LINING FOR FURNACES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.5,1916.

W. C. ELY.

LINING FOR FURNACES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 5, |916.

Patented Nov. 12, 1918,.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W. C. ELY.

LINING FOR FURNACES.

APPLICATION man FEB. 5, 191e.

1. ,24,8% Patented Nov. 12, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

lllflo lll/'ALTER C. ELY, 0F TERRE HAUTE, XNDEAN.

LINNG FOR FURNACES.

Specification o Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 1129 11918.

Application filed February 5, 1916. Serial No. 76,319.

To f1.7/ P710/n 'it ymay concern:

le it known that l, TVALTER C. lL'r, a citizen ot the llnited States, residing at rl`erre llaute. lin the county of 1Vigo and State of lndiana. have invented certain new and uset'ul lmprovements in liinings for llurnaces.. of which the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to linings for furnaces and the like, and has `for its object the provision of a cellular lining' for metal working and other furnaces. which adapted to take up molten material from theinterior ot' the t'urnace and cause this molten material to be cooled in a manner to vary the thickness of the lining in accordance with the heat of the furnace. Other objects will appear hereinafter.

[in embodiment ot my invention is illustrated in the accompanyingr drawings torming' a part of this specification. and in wh ich-- Figure 1 is an end view ol" a rotary metal workingt'urnace equipped with i lining made in accordance with my invention;

lfie'. 2 is an enlarged fragmental section ot one et the walls showingmy lining` after having' been in use:

Fig'. 3 is a longitudinal section ot' a rotary metal working turnace equipped with my lining` and positioned between a fire-box and a chimney' set up for use:

Fig. l is a view in perspective of two end sections and a circular lining' therefor, of the tui-nace;

Fig. 5 is an elevation of oney sections ot the furnace;

Fig. (3 is a top view of the part shown in 5, andie. l is a. view taken on line Fig. o. I

Referring more particularly to the drawings. l have shown a rotary type, of metal working furnace mounted in operative position between a tire-box 10. and a chimneyv 11 (see Fig. 3), portions only of the lire-box and chimney being; shown. rl`he kind and :term ot furnace may be varied when so desired. as will be apparent from the description herein.

rl`he lurnace illustrated in the drawings comprises a rotatable chamber connected to spaced-apart circular bearing rings 12 mounted on rollers 13, which are journaled in the supporting pedestals 11. shalt 15 of the end este tft

forms the aXle ot two of the rollers 13. ly means of the. pulley 16. keyed to the shat't 1.3, power may be applied to effect the rotation oit the bearing rings 1Q and the p rts connected thereto.

Therotatable furnace may be ot' any suitable shape or size, but l prefer to construct the same with four square or rectangular flat side walls 17. 18. 19 and QO-QL and with two end walls 22 and '23. The pre- Jferred construction with reference te the means for fastening the side and end walls` together is similar to that illustrated in the lvnited States Patent blo. 1.155,-l10. granted to me on October 5. 1915. for an improvementI in metal working furnaces.

ln the accompanying drawings. l have. shown each ot. the side walls as composed of a metallic plate with cellular metallic blocks locked to the interior surfaces ot said plates to torni a lining for the rotatable turu nace. These metallic blocks 25 are preterably7 composed of cast iron when the furnace is used t'or heating or working iron or steel. rl`he outside plate ot each or the side. walls is substantially rectangular and tlat and is provided with a Flange 26. as shown in Fig. 1. rl`he flange 2G ot each side wall plate eritends around three of its sides or edges to height. substantially equal to the thickness of the blocks 25.

rl`lieinner surface ot each side wall plate provided with t-shaped ribsl "li" to previde dove-tail connections tlnfreletween. which serve to lock the blocks in position on the plates. The dove-tail grooves on the iuner surfaces ot the side wall plates extend transversely; therefore. alter the blocks are slid into position. the side wall plates are secured together to lock the blocks against transverse movement aloneV the dovetail grooves. ylhe side wall 19 is secured to the side wall ll' by bolts QS passing tl'irougli ears 29. as shown in Fig. 1. ln a similar manner. the side wall 1S is secured to the side wall 19 by means ot' the bolts 81 passing through the ears rl`he side walls l? and 1S are secured to the side wall QO-ll by means of a similar construction.

rllhe wall portion 21 is pivoted to the wall portion Q0 bv hinge members 3? to provide a door for the rotatable turnaee. through which the material mav be charged into and discharged trom the furnace. rl`he door 2l is preferably mounted and operated as set forth in my aforesaid Patent No. 1,155,410, granted October 5, 1915, in which door-operating mechanism on a rotatable furnace, as

1 as provided with ears 31, which are secured t0 ears 35 extending radially inwardly from the bearing rings 12. The ears 34 are secured to the ears 35 by means of bolts 3G, so that the bearing rings may be rigidly connected to the rotating furnace.

.By referring to Fig. 3, it will be seen that the metal lining blocks are each provided with perforated cross plates 37, dividing the interior of the blocks into small compartments 381 Each of the side wall plates is also provided with perforations l0, which communicate with the small compartments formed by the wedge. members G0 which fit in the dove-tail grooves. It will thus be seen that the interior compartments 38 of each of the metal blocks 25 is in communication with the. outside atmosphere through the perfor-'ations 30 and 40, as shown in Fig. 3. Each metal block at the portion exposed to the heat in the rotatable furnace is initially entirely closed `but after the initial charge, for instance, cinder, ore or scrap iron, is introduced into the furnace and the heat from the fire -box 10 permitted to pass through the interior of the furnace proper whilethe latter is being rotated. the exposed middle portion of each of the blocks will be melted at a predeterminml temperature and the molten or plastic slag or ciuder from the charge will immediately flow into the inner compartments 3S. and thence to a smaller extent through the perforations 35) into the next compartment 3S. As soon as the slag or cinder comes in contact with the air in the compartments 38, it tends to harden. but if thev heat is sutiiciently intense in the interior of the rotatable furnace, the slag or cinder may not solidify sutlicieutly to stop its flowing until it reaches the second or third compartment in each of themetal blocks, as illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein (S1 designates the slag or cinder which automatically combines with the unmelted portions of the metal devices 25 to form a refractory lining for the rotating furnace proper.

It should also be noted that the chillingof the slag'or cinder in the compartments of the metallic block by means of the atmospheric air in the. compartments serves as an automatic regulation of the thickness of the refractory lining. The refractory lining will, therefore, automatically assume a thickness in accordance with the degree of heat insulation required. At comparatively low temperatures, it may be sufficient that the slag or cinder merely fills the interior compartments and partly the intermediate compartments, whereas, if the heat is at a maximum, the slag or cinder will not. be sufficiently chilled to stop it from flowing until all the compartments are partially filled with slag to the extent shown in Fig. 2. After that condition is reached, the chilling effect, due to the confined air pockets and the outside atmosphere entering through the perforations 40 remaining open, will be suflicient to maintain the slag or cinder com-' bined with the remaining portions of the metallic blocks to form a proper refractory lining against the maximum temperature to be used in the rotating furnace. Any tendency forthe predetermined maximum temperature to be exceeded will be' checked by radiation through the refractory linin and the metallic blocks 25 and the side wa ls of the rotating furnace. However, within the' range of temperatures used in practice for the working of scrap iron, as disclosed in m v Patents Nos. 1,155,409 and 1,155,410, granted on October 5, 1915, the slag or cinder will -be sufficiently chilled from the outside atend walls there are a plurality of partitions' 12, as shown in Figs. t3 and 7, which are preferably integral with the block itself. The partitions l2 divide the block l1 into compartments 43, which are in communication with each other through the perforations li in the partitions t2. The inside wall of each block -11 is entirclyclosed but the outside wall is provided with a plurality of small perfor-ations and an enlarged perforation 45. Vhile I have shown the end walls as being composed of eight hollow blocks 41. it should be understood that there ma v be an v desired number. This is also true with respect to the blocks 25 secured to the. inner surfaces of the side walls. Although I prefer to provide a plurality of small blocks for convenience in assembling.` and for removal forA repairs, the blocks 25 may be increased t0 such a size that there will be only one for each side wallwith the elle re if desired. v

a multiplicity of cells so as refractory lining after being formed, thus enabling the lining to withstand the repeated blows and abrasion from the metal while it is being heated and worked, as described in my aforesaid patents.

The blocks #il of the end walls may be secured to the side walls by means of screws lo which `pass through ears alti on the edges of the flanges. of the side walls, as shown in lTig. l. This is true of all the blocks except those which are opposite the door 2l, which are secured to 'the nent adjacent blocks by means of bolts passing through ears on adjacent edges of the blocks, as shown in Figs. l and rl`hrough the central port-ion of each of the ends and 23 are large circular openings i9, which provide a communication with the re loon l0 and the chimney ll. in order to protect the edges of the blocks ll adjacent the openings Ll5), l provide lining blocks 50 of refractory material. These blocks 50 are held in position by ribs 52 on the blocks Lil, which engage grooves 51 in the blocks 50.

lnasmuch as the interior of the furnace has flat walls, the inner ends of the hollow blocks l1 will be exposed to the interior heat of the furnace over the area bounded by the dotted lines G2 in Fig. ll. Fig. 4: represents two blocks l1 adjacent each other at one corner of the furnace, and shows that notwithstanding. the refractory lining 50 a considerable area of the inner metallic portion of the blocks l1 will be exposed directly to the interior heat of the furnace. The operation with respect to the automatic formation of a refractory lining for the end walls is substantially the same as that hereinbeforc described with respect to the formation of the refractory lining for the side. walls. rl`he molten slag or cinder will enter the compartments i3 after the exposed metal portion has been melted, and the slag will flow through the perforation 4l and partially lill the compartments 43, until the chilling of the air therein and of the outside atmosphere is sufficient to solidify the slag or cinder and form the refractory lining desired. yThe thickness of the refractory lining for the end walls will be regulated in accordance with the insulation required, because the greater the heat the more the slag will fill the compartments 43 before it becomes solidified.

Obviously those skilled in the art may make various changes in the details and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention as de lined by the claims, and l desire, therefore, not to be restricted to the precise construe tion herein disclosed three. owever, to have reinforce the closely together and claivr A uniace comprising metallic walls; a lining made up of hollow blocks fitted closely together; and perforated partitions in the blocks dividing the interior of -ne latter 'itc cells which are in communication with each other through the perforations of said walls. A

se furnace comprising perforated metallic walls; a lining of hollow blocks fitted secured to said walls; and perforated partitions in the' blocks dividing the latter into cells, there being unobstructed communication between the cells of each bloclr and the outside atmosphere through the perforations of said walls and said partitions.

3. The combination of a furnace, and a plurality of hollow metallic blocks connected to a plurality of flat surfaces on the interior of said furnace and having their adjacent edges resting closely together.

l. A furnace comprising perforated metallic walls; a lining made up of hollow blocks secured to said wall, the sides of the blocks adjacent saidwalls being open affording communication between the interior of each block and the outside atmosphere through the perforations of said wall; and a perforated partition in each block substantially parallel with the outside wall adjacent such block dividing the block into cells with communication between the cells through the perforations of` said partition. 5. A furnace comprising inclosing walls, and a hollow continuous metallic lining locked to the inner sides of said walls.

(5. A furnace comprising a plurality of.

hollow blocks having adjacent edges fitting closely together, and dovetail connections between said blocks and the inner surface of said furnace to form a continuous lining.

l. A furnace comprising an uninterrupted cellular lining, and means for locking` said lining to the inner surface of said furnace.

A furnace comprising` cellular inclosing walls, the inner surfaces being of metal and initially sealed from the interior of said furnace, said walls being directly in communication with the outside atmosphere at a multiplicity of points.

9. A furnace comprising a cellular inclosure and perforated partitions between the cells of said inclosure.

10. A furnace comprising a plurality of flat inclosing walls, a plurality of hollow blocks secured to the inner surface of each wall to'form a continuous lining for the furnace, and means dividing. the interior of each block into cells.

ll. A furnace comprising a plurality of flat inclosing walls` a set of hollow blocks for the interior surface of each wall, each set comprising a plurality of said blocks,

, surfaces of said walls, locking` extensions on said blocks fitting in said grooves, and a perforated partition in each of said blocks to form small compartments in communication with the outside atmosphere through perforations in the bottom of each block and perforations through said walls.

12. A furnace having a lining composed of a plurality of hollow blocks each closed to the interior of thefurnace and each in,

communication with the outside atmosphere.

13. A furnace comprising a cellular inclosure closed to the interior of the furnace and in communication with the outside atmosphere in a multiplicity of places.

14. A furnace comprising perforated inclosing walls, a lining composed of a plurality of hollow blocks for each interior surface of -said walls, each block being closed where exposed to the interior of the furnace and open on the opposite side, and integral perforated partitions in the blocks aifordin `communication between the interior o said blocks and the outside air through said perforated walls.

15. A furnace comprising perforated metallic inclosing walls, hollow metallic-lining blocks secured to the inner sides of said walls, and foraminous partitions dividing the interiors of said blocks into small compartments providing communication between the interior of said blocks and the outside atmosphere.

16. A furnace,comprising a cellular inclosure closed to the interior of the furnace but in communication with the outside atmosphere, the inner surfaces of said inclosure being of metal and adapted to be melted to cause molten slag to enter said cells and be chilled by the air to form a refractory lining for said furnace.

17. A furnace comprising perforated inclosing walls, and a lining of hollow metal blocks secured to theinner sides of said walls, said hollow blocks being adapted to receive molten material from the interior of the furnace to be cooled by air passing through the perforations of said walls into Les/aseo said hollow blocks to form a refractory lining for said furnace.

' 18. A furnace comprising perforated inclosing walls, a lining of hollow iron blocks secured to the inner sides of said walls, and a perforated partition in each hollow block to divide the latter into small compartments.

19. A furnace comprising a perforated inclosure and a cellularl iron lining for said inclosure comprising perforated partitions affording communication between said cells and the outside atmosphere.

20. A furnace comprising four flat perforated inclosing walls, a cellular lining of iron comprising a plurality of hollow blocks secured to the inner surface of each inclosing wall, and perforated partitions establishing communication between the cells and the outside atmosphere, said lining being closed to the interior until partially melted away and slag partially fills the cells and becomes chilled by the outside atmosphere to form a refractory lining for the furnace.

21. A furnace comprising cellular inclosing walls adapted to receive molten material `from the interior of said furnace to be chilled by the outside atmosphere through exterior openings communicating with said cells to form a refractory lining for said furnace.

22. A furnace comprising a perforated inclosure, means comprising perforated partitions for forming a plurality of air cells in communication with the outside atmosphere through said perforated inclosure, and means for initially scaling said air cells from the interior of said furnace but adapted to be melted away to cause the slag in thefurnace to enter said air cells and become chilled to form a reinforced refractory lining for said furnace.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, on this 2nd day of February A. D. 1916.

WALTER C. ELY. Witnesses:

CHARLES M. NIssEN, R. C. FORBECK. 

